|
Eastport is a small city (consisting entirely of islands) in Washington County, Maine, United States. The population was 1,331 at the 2010 census. The principal island is Moose Island, which is connected to the mainland by causeway. Eastport is the easternmost city in the United States (although the nearby town of Lubec is the easternmost municipality). ==History== The native Passamaquoddy Tribe has called this area home for at least 10,000 years. Some archeologists estimate the habitation at 20,000 years. The first known European contact was the St. Croix colony founded by the French explorer Samuel de Champlain in 1604. Near present-day Calais, the unsuccessful Saint Croix Island Acadia settlement predates the first successful English settlement at Jamestown, Virginia, by three years. On June 25, 1604, Champlain and his men spent a long and severe winter on St. Croix Island with no fresh water and diminished supplies. Two-fifths of the men died of scurvy, and the colony moved across the Bay of Fundy to Port Royal in present-day Nova Scotia.〔''Chronicles of America''. (2009). Explorations in Acadia, 1603-1607. Retrieved on February 6, 2010 from http://www.chroniclesofamerica.com/french/explorations_in_acadia_1603-1607.htm〕 Fishermen and traders visited the area in the 17th century. Moose Island was first settled in 1772 by James Cochrane of Newburyport, Massachusetts, who would be joined by other fishermen from Newburyport and Portsmouth, New Hampshire. On February 24, 1798, Eastport was incorporated as a town from Plantation Number 8 PS by the Massachusetts General Court, and named for being the easternmost port in the United States. Lubec, on the mainland, was set off and incorporated as a town on June 21, 1811. From 1807 to 1809, the town was a center of extensive two-way smuggling during the Embargo Act imposed by President Thomas Jefferson. In 1809, Fort Sullivan was erected atop a village hill, but it was captured by a British fleet under command of Sir Thomas Hardy on July 11, 1814, during the War of 1812 as part of the initiative to establish the colony of New Ireland. England claimed that Moose Island was on the British side of the international border which had been determined in 1783. Nevertheless, the town was returned to United States' control in 1818. The boundary between the U. S. and Canada in the area remained disputed until settled by the Webster–Ashburton Treaty of 1842. Eastport would be incorporated as a city on March 18, 1893. Farms produced hay and potatoes. Industries included a grain mill, box factory and carding mill. But the island's economy was primarily directed at the sea. With tides of about , Eastport's spacious harbor remained ice-free year round. The first sardine factory was built here about 1875. The population grew with the emergence of the sardine fishery and related canning businesses, which studded the shoreline by the end of the 19th century. By 1886, the town contained 13 sardine factories, which operated day and night during the season, and produced approximately 5,000 cases per week. About 800 men, women and children worked in the plants.〔 〕 But the industry would decline, and many people moved away. Indeed, the city went bankrupt in 1937. In 1976, the Groundhog Day Gale destroyed many structures along the waterfront. Today, catching fish remains the principal industry, although tourism has become important as well.〔(John "Terry" Holt, ''The Island City: The History of Eastport, Moose Island, Maine, from its Founding to Present Times'', 1999 )〕 Eastport is a port of entry. An international ferry crosses to Deer Island, New Brunswick, during the summer months. Each 4th of July, the city becomes a destination for thousands of celebrants. Navy ships have docked there during the 4th of July celebration for many years. Eastport celebrated its bicentennial in 1998. Each September, the city hosts the annual Maine Salmon Festival in the historic downtown district.〔(Info Maine, ''Maine Events - September Festivals'', 2011 )〕 Image:Eastport & Passamaquoddy Bay.jpg|''Eastport and Passamaquoddy Bay'', 1839, by William Henry Bartlett File:Washington Street, Eastport, ME.jpg|Washington Street c. 1905 File:Water Street, Eastport, ME.jpg|Water Street in 1906 File:Elm Street, Eastport, ME.jpg|Elm Street in 1909 File:Along the Wharves, Eastport, ME.jpg|View of the waterfront in 1908 File:Union Dock, Eastport, ME.jpg|Union Dock in 1910 Image:Frontier National Bank & Bandstand, Eastport, ME.jpg|Frontier National Bank c. 1915, now the Eastport Police Station File:MAIN STREET OF EASTPORT AT MIDDAY - NARA - 550319.jpg|Water Street in 1973 File:EASTPORT, LOOKING WEST TOWARD DEEP COVE AREA, WHERE PITTSTOWN OIL COMPANY SEEKS PERMISSION TO BUILD A REFINERY - NARA - 550363.jpg|Aerial photo from 1973 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eastport, Maine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|